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1,3-Butanediol, also known as 1,3-dihydroxybutane, is an organic compound with the molecular formula C4H10O2. It is a colorless, water-soluble liquid that has a low viscosity. 1,3-Butanediol is used as a raw material in the production of polyester polyols and polyurethanes. It is also used as a solvent in various industrial applications.
1,3-Butanediol is produced industrially from 1,3-butadiene through a two-step process. In the first step, 1,3-butadiene is hydrogenated to form the corresponding saturated 1,4-butanediol. This intermediate is then oxidized to form 1,3-butanediol.
1,3-Butanediol is a highly reactive molecule and is involved in several chemical reactions. It is an important reactant in the manufacture of polyurethanes and other polymers, and it can be used in a variety of reactions such as esterifications, etherifications, polymerizations, and condensations. In addition, it can be used in the synthesis of other compounds such as glycols, polyols, and polyesters.
1,3-Butanediol is also used as a solvent in various industrial applications such as adhesives, lubricants, printing inks, and varnishes. Additionally, it can be used as an intermediary in the production of certain pharmaceuticals and agricultural chemicals.
1,3-Butanediol is an important precursor in the manufacturing of several other compounds such as 1,4-butanediol, 1,5-pentanediol, gamma-butyrolactone, and tetrahydrofuran. It is also a valuable feedstock for the production of butadiene and butylene oxide.
1,3-Butanediol is a highly flammable liquid and must be handled with caution. It is toxic if inhaled or absorbed through the skin and can cause irritation to the eyes, skin, and respiratory tract. It should be stored in a cool, dry place, away from direct sunlight or any other sources of heat or ignition.