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Naphthalene, also known as tar camphor, is an aromatic hydrocarbon with a CAS number of 2070-70-4. It is a white crystalline solid with a characteristic odor of mothballs and is often found in the form of small flakes or powder. Naphthalene is one of the most important monocyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and is mainly used as a precursor in the synthesis of various polymers materials.
Naphthalene is mainly produced by a process known as "high temperature cracking" of petroleum fractions, which involves the thermal decomposition of heavy hydrocarbons at temperatures of 600-850°C. It can also be produced from coal tar. The primary use of naphthalene is in the production of polyvinyl chloride (PVC), which is used in a wide range of industrial applications, including electrical insulation and piping.
Naphthalene is also used as a raw material in the production of phthalic anhydride and naphthoic acid, which are important intermediates in the dye, resin and plastic industries. In addition, it is used as a solvent for fats, resins, waxes, dyes and other organic substances. It is also used in pesticides, fungicides, moth repellents and as an odorant in perfumes and toiletries.
Naphthalene is a flammable and toxic substance. It is highly volatile and can form explosive mixtures with air. Inhalation of the vapors may cause irritation to the eyes, nose, throat and lungs, and can lead to serious respiratory problems. Prolonged or repeated exposure can cause damage to the liver, kidneys and nervous system.
In conclusion, naphthalene is an important aromatic hydrocarbon with a wide range of industrial applications. It is relatively inexpensive and has many useful properties, but should be handled with care due to its toxicity and flammability.